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Yearning for Salvation, is the force that preserves Exilic Judaism, whereas the Judaism of the Land of Israel, is the very Salvation itself. — HaRav Avraham Itzhak Hakohen Kook

Archive: Jewish Thought
Mr. Bitter Cheshvan and the World of Concealment

The intense introspection of Elul is far behind us. The royal crowning of Hashem on Rosh Hashannah is but a distant memory. The pressure of Aseret Ymei Tshuvah has come and gone. The books of Yom Kippur have officially been closed. The sukkot have been dismantled and stored for another long year. Our feet have healed from the joyous dancing of Simchat Torah. Yet as sad as we are to pack away our various machzorim and see the Days of Awe fade away, the change of seasons brings with it a sigh of relief. We couldn’t possibly handle another barrage of huge meals, impose on another family for a place to stay, or afford to miss a single extra class. We couldn’t possibly pick out another outfit, afford another trip home or stand for another moment in shul pretending we know where we are in the machzor. And it is official, as a thunderstorm rages outside, answering the tefillot of Jews all around the world, that the cold front has brought with it someone we’ve both been dreading and secretly anticipating: The month of Cheshvan. Mar-cheshvan. Mr. Bitter Cheshvan.

As the only month of the Jewish calendar without a single holiday, the dismal beginning of winter, and a sudden return to the mundane after a period of spiritual bounty, Cheshvan doesn’t have the best reputation among the other months. He represents a fall from grace – spiritually, emotionally, and physically. The flood in the days of Noah that destroyed the world happened in Cheshvan. Rachel Immenu passed away in Cheshvan. So why does our tradition say that the Third Temple in the days of Mashiach will be built in this bitter, cold and empty month?

The challenge of Cheshvan is to ground the unbelievable spiritual energy of the chaggim in our seemingly mundane physical world. The word עולם, ‘world’, literally means ‘concealment’. In order to grant His creations the gift of free will and allow for the illusion of the existence of anything other than His All Encompassing Oneness, Hashem creates worlds of concealment. He masks Himself behind the mundane and allows for a world in which His very own creations can flatly deny His existence. And that is Cheshvan. “…בראשית ברא אלקים את השמים ואת הארץ: והארץ

The Torah opens by telling us that in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. He created the spiritual realities of the universe, the happenings of the heavens, the secrets of existence, the holy, the transcendental, the beyond. And He created the earth. He created the physical world, the mundane, the imminent, the simple, the here and now. The second verse begins with the words והארץ. Don’t worry about the spiritual secrets, God hints to us, I’ll worry about that. Your life, your existence, your Torah that I am about to reveal to you, all takes place in the physical world. Know that השמים exists, He demands, but live in הארץ.

The chaggim are over for all of us. We may remain connected, but our period of basking in perpetual inspiration has dissolved into university, work, and the challenges of every day living. There is a danger of descending into this Cheshvan-like existence and dropping all of the spiritual enlightenment we have been granted out of a fear that there is no place for it in this bitter world of gashmiut. The challenge is instead to both bring the light down and raise the world up by revealing that behind the dark, heavy rainclouds of this world of concealment exists a Light and a Truth so bright that it is only through the chessed of concealment that He can allow for us to exist. Perhaps if we manage to use this month of Cheshvan properly, as a way to scratch away at the surface and reveal the hidden spirituality all around us, we will merit to see the Bet Hamikdash rebuilt, revealing that Mr. Bitter Cheshvan is really the bearer of the greatest spiritual gifts we could ever dream of. His storm clouds may bring darkness, but his rains bring unprecedented potential for growth.

Last week, I asked a powerful question which received a lot of great answers in the comment section. Today, I want to give my own answer (inspired by what I have learned from my Rabbis).

If you would like to re-read the question, please click here. Here is a short summary:

We know that the Torah, as derived in the Gemara, says that any person who goes over a negative commandment should receive the punishement of Makkot. One of the exceptions to this rule is that of the Lav Hanitak LeAsseh. We know that the Ramban says that teshuva is a positive commandment from the Torah. If this is the case, and Teshuva is the repentance from one’s sins, then all negative commandments are Lav Hanitak LeAsseh, the Asseh being doing Teshuvah. If this is the case, then we can never, even conceptually, receive the punishment of Makkot! This makes no sense since it is mandated in the Torah!

My answer goes to the core of the definition of Teshuva. Through this question, I think we can understand the deeper meaning of what Teshuva really is, especially through the perspective of Rav Avraham HaKohen Kook. I joked around with one of my friends explaining that this question proves that learning Rav Kook is essential in understanding the meaning of Torah :-).

(more…)

Hoshana Raba - it’s not all over just yet
Gemma

First we had Elul where we started to introspect and see where we went wrong and how to improve. We had an intense period of slichot. We davened hard on Rosh Hashanah. And now we just left the period of Asseret Yemei Teshuva (the 10 days of Repentance), climaxing with Yom Kippur. Phew. We think it’s all over. And then we remember Hoshanah Raba is the day when our verdict is really sealed. How can this be… wasn’t Neilah at Yom Kippur our last chance to beg for a good year?

I’d like to offer a suggestion. After Yom Kippur, we feel relieved. We did all we could, davened all day and now it’s over and we trust Hashem, with His rachamim, has given us a favourable verdict. We can finally relax somewhat, after being on our best behaviour for the whole of Elul and especially the 10 days. Yet as soon as Yom Kippur departs, it’s time for us to put into practice our “resolutions” and our new self. If we just think it’s all over as soon as we’ve finished Maariv on motzei Yom Kippur we’ve missed the point. We won’t even get chance to implement our new self.

That’s why we have Hoshanah Raba… (more…)

A few post Yom Kippur thoughts:

Here is a question I heard from Rav Mordechai Elon, in the name of the Hi”da, about the nature of Teshuva. Fasten your seat belts because it is quite a difficult question. Hopefully, some of you will have some good answers. I plan on posting my own answer during Chol Hamoed Sukkot. The answer I have bring an incredible understanding to our holidays and to the concept of Teshuva. Still, enjoy this post - the question is as sweet as the answer, and I can’t wait to read your answers as well.

There is a concept in Halacha called “Lav Hanitek Leasseh”. This concept, a very technical legal concept, is defined as follows: If there is a Lav, a negative commandment, which is then connected to an asseh, a positive commandment, then it is a Lav Hanitek LeAsseh. For example, if you steal (going against a negative commandment), you then need to give back what you have stolen (a positive commandment related to this negative commandment). Therefore, the commandment not to steal is a Lav Hanitek LeAsseh.

On the other hand, if you have a negative commandment which is NOT related to a positive commandment , it is NOT called a Lav Hanitek LeAsseh. Any negative commandment which is not followed by a positive commandment related to it DOES NOT fall in this category.

This differentiation has a practical difference (Nafka Minah) in Jewish Law - We get Malkout (flagellation) for going against any negative commandment except for a Lav Hanitek LeAsseh . (There are other exception to this rule but they are not relevant to this question: A Lav She-ein Bo Maaseh and a Lav Sheyesh Bo Mitat Beit Din.) Again: if it is a regular negative commadment, you get Malkout for going against it. If it is a Lav Hanitek LeAsseh, you don’t.

Now comes the most incredible part of the question. There is a Mahloket between the Rambam and the Ramban. The Rambam holds that Teshuvah is not a mitzvah from the torah. If you sin, you sin, and then you need to do teshuva but its not a Mitzvah from the torah to do Teshuvah. We won’t deal with his opinion right now.

On the other hand, the Ramban says that Teshuvah is a Mitzvah Min Hatorah, a positive commandment from the torah.

Now, lets formulate this Ramban in the way it is usually understood: If someone sins, then he has the positive obligation of doing teshuva. How does this apply to a negative commandment? If someone goes against a negative commandment, then he has the obligation to do teshuva. This applies to ANY negative commandment!

Rav Elon quotes the Hidah which asks an absolutely incredible question. The Hi”dah asks: If the opinion of the Ramban is right, then all the negative commandments in the torah are Lav Hanitek LeAsseh! Think about it: If someone goes against any negative commandment, then he has the obligation to do teshuva. This is the very definition of a Lav Hanitek LeAsseh! But we have a problem! If this is the case, then, the punishment of Malkout (flagellation) can NEVER apply, since it only applies on negative commandments which are NOT Lav Hanitek LeAsseh! However, Malkout is a form of punishment from the Torah! How can it be possible that it would never apply? How can it be possible that we can’t even think, conceptually, of a time when this punishment can apply? This is impossible!

We all know the Ramban did not make stupid mistakes so the Hidah asks: What did the Ramban mean when he said Teshuva was a Mitzvat Asseh? We cannot just understand it through its simple literal meaning because, as we have seen, it would make absolutely no sense and would not be coherent with the rest of Torah!

I would love to read all of your answers as I prepare for the best way to formulate my own!

Don’t let your guard down this year
Gemma

My Rabbi always said that as soon as you give up on one thing you’ll give up on another until it’s all gone. Once your barrier is weakened it will keep on getting weaker. It reminds me of something Chazal tell us, that a repeated sin becomes permissible to that person. You do something once and you think it’s bad (I feel so bad!). You do it again and you justify yourself (I shouldn’t have done that BUT…). Once more and you actually deem it permissible, “well, actually…” A modern day example is removing one’s kippa to go into the secular world, whether in university or work. This is, in a lot of cases, followed by a complete rejection of mitzvot. There are of course many more subtle examples which on the outside wouldn’t appear detrimental to our spiritual health, such as a minor laxity in kashrut, but they do indeed gradually persuade us to be even more lenient.

I think this concept is integral for us to internalise as we go into the New Year. The above is nothing more than a tactic of the yetzer horah, the evil inclination inside us. Our yetzer horah is constantly aware of any laxity and rationalisations we make and as such makes it easier for us to justify to ourselves that we don’t have to perform a mitzvah. If only we could all have an awareness of this process happening we would be able to stop it instantly! How do we attain this awareness though?

(more…)

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